Antigamente no Japão, os anos eram contados de acordo com o reinado de um imperador, esse sistema é conhecido como nengō ou Calendário Imperial Japonês.
Namun dalam Reformasi Meiji, yang terjadi pada tahun 1873, pemerintah mengumumkan adopsi kalender Gregorian (yang kami gunakan).
Ainda hoje, o sistema nengō é usado entre os japoneses, sendo requerido em alguns documentos oficiais do governo. Vamos conhecer um pouco desse sistema e das eras (ou períodos) que é vital no uso do Calendário Imperial Japonês.
Indeks Konten
Era (periode) Jepang
As eras do Japão (元号; gengō ou 年号; nengō) é um meio de contagem de tempo no qual inicia de acordo com o início do reinado de um imperador até o fim de seu reinado. Os japoneses costumavam usar essa contagem para indicar seu ano de nascimento, ou o ano em que viviam.
Exemplo: A era Heisei começou em 1989 com reinado do imperador Akihito. Eu nasci em 1995, então no calendário Imperial japonês eu nasci no ano 7 da era Heisei (平成7年). E em 2016 estamos no ano 28 da era Heisei (平成28年).
Di tabel di bawah ini, Anda menemukan awal dari setiap era, dimulai dari era Meiji atau Jepang Modern:
| Periode / Era | Kanji | Kaisar | Kalender / Mulai - Akhir |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meiji | Meiji | Kaisar Meiji | 1868-1912 |
| Taishō | Taisho | Kaisar Taisho | 1912-1926 |
| Shōwa | Showa | Kaisar Shōwa | 1926-1989 |
| Heisei | Heisei | Kaisar Akihito | 1989... (Kaisar saat ini) |
Sepanjang sejarah Jepang, telah terjadi ribuan perang internal dan banyak Kaisar yang memiliki masa pemerintahan yang singkat. Jadi Periode (atau era) yang akan kita lihat pada tabel di bawah ini, dihitung berdasarkan peristiwa sejarah dan bukan pemerintahan seorang Kaisar.
Esse sistema de contagem foi adotado em 645 pelo imperador Kotoku, sendo a primeira era conhecida pelo nome Taika que está presente no Período Asuka.
| zaman (periode) | awal zaman | akhir zaman |
| periode Asuka | 538 | 710 |
| Periode Nara | 710 | 794 |
| Periode Heian | 794 | 1185 |
| Periode Kamakura | 1185 | 1333 |
| Daikakuji dan Jimyōin | -- | -- |
| Periode Muromachi | 1392 | 1573 |
| Periode Sengoku | 1467 | 1573 |
| Periode Azuchi-Momoyama | 1573 | 1603 |
| Zaman Edo | 1603 | 1867 |
Di akhir artikel kami akan meninggalkan daftar dengan nama semua era menurut pemerintahan masing-masing kaisar.
Vale lembrar que o nome da Era ou Período não é o mesmo nome do imperador, ele pode determinar o nome, e às vezes após sua morte ele acaba sendo chamado do nome que deu a seu período de reinado.
Kalender Kekaisaran Jepang
Seperti yang sudah dijelaskan, Kalender Kekaisaran Jepang dihitung berdasarkan tahun pemerintahan masing-masing kaisar. Ini tidak terlalu sulit untuk dipahami.
Kalender Gregorian yang kami gunakan di Brasil ditandai dengan Hari/Bulan/Tahun di Jepang mereka terbalik dan menggunakan Tahun /Bulan /Hari . Kalender kekaisaran Jepang diwakili oleh tahun periode atau era.
Nomor muncul setelah Kanji Era dan kemudian ada kanji tahun 年. Contoh: 昭和7年/12月/21日
| Meiji | Meiji |
| Taishō | Taisho |
| Shōwa | Showa |
| Heisei | Heisei |
Jika Anda perlu mengetahui tahun berapa Anda lahir dalam kalender kekaisaran Jepang, kami merekomendasikan situs ini (klik di sini), atau melihat tabel di bawah yang diurutkan secara menurun:
| Ano Gregoriano | Ano Imperial | Ano Gregoriano | Ano Imperial |
| 2014 | Heisei 26 | 1970 | Showa 45 |
| 2013 | Heisei 25 | 1969 | Showa 44 |
| 2012 | Heisei 24 | 1968 | Showa 43 |
| 2011 | Heisei 23 | 1967 | Showa 42 |
| 2010 | Heisei 22 | 1966 | Showa 41 |
| 2009 | Heisei 21 | 1965 | Showa 40 |
| 2008 | Heisei 20 | 1964 | Showa 39 |
| 2007 | Heisei 19 | 1963 | Showa 38 |
| 2006 | Heisei 18 | 1962 | Showa 37 |
| 2005 | Heisei 17 | 1961 | Showa 36 |
| 2004 | Heisei 16 | 1960 | Showa 35 |
| 2003 | Heisei 15 | 1959 | Showa 34 |
| 2002 | Heisei 14 | 1958 | Showa 33 |
| 2001 | Heisei 13 | 1957 | Showa 32 |
| 2000 | Heisei 12 | 1956 | Showa 31 |
| 1999 | Heisei 11 | 1955 | Showa 30 |
| 1998 | Heisei 10 | 1954 | Showa 29 |
| 1997 | Heisei 9 | 1953 | Showa 28 |
| 1996 | Heisei 8 | 1952 | Showa 27 |
| 1995 | Heisei 7 | 1951 | Showa 26 |
| 1994 | Heisei 6 | 1950 | Showa 25 |
| 1993 | Heisei 5 | 1949 | Showa 24 |
| 1992 | Heisei 4 | 1948 | Showa 23 |
| 1991 | Heisei 3 | 1947 | Showa 22 |
| 1990 | Heisei 2 | 1946 | Showa 21 |
| 1989 | Showa 64 / Heisei 1 | 1945 | Showa 20 |
| 1988 | Showa 63 | 1944 | Showa 19 |
| 1987 | Showa 62 | 1943 | Showa 18 |
| 1986 | Showa 61 | 1942 | Showa 17 |
| 1985 | Showa 60 | 1941 | Showa 16 |
| 1984 | Showa 59 | 1940 | Showa 15 |
| 1983 | Showa 58 | 1939 | Showa 14 |
| 1982 | Showa 57 | 1938 | Showa 13 |
| 1981 | Showa 56 | 1937 | Showa 12 |
| 1980 | Showa 55 | 1936 | Showa 11 |
| 1979 | Showa 54 | 1935 | Showa 10 |
| 1978 | Showa 53 | 1934 | Showa 9 |
| 1977 | Showa 52 | 1933 | Showa 8 |
| 1976 | Showa 51 | 1932 | Showa 7 |
| 1975 | Showa 50 | 1931 | Showa 6 |
| 1974 | Showa 49 | 1930 | Showa 5 |
| 1973 | Showa 48 | 1929 | Showa 4 |
| 1972 | Showa 47 | 1928 | Showa 3 |
| 1971 | Showa 46 | 1927 | Showa 2 |
| 1970 | Showa 45 | 1926 | Taisho 15 / Showa 1 |
| 1969 | Showa 44 | 1925 | Taisho 14 |
| 1968 | Showa 43 | 1924 | Taisho 13 |
| 1967 | Showa 42 | 1923 | Taisho 12 |
| 1966 | Showa 41 | 1922 | Taisho 11 |
| 1965 | Showa 40 | 1921 | Taisho 10 |
| 1964 | Showa 39 | 1920 | Taisho 9 |
| 1963 | Showa 38 | 1919 | Taisho 8 |
| 1962 | Showa 37 | 1918 | Taisho 7 |
| 1961 | Showa 36 | 1917 | Taisho 6 |
| 1960 | Showa 35 | 1916 | Taisho 5 |
| 1959 | Showa 34 | 1915 | Taisho 4 |
| 1958 | Showa 33 | 1914 | Taisho 3 |
| 1957 | Showa 32 | 1913 | Taisho 2 |
| 1956 | Showa 31 | 1912 | Taisho 1 |
A tabela abaixo mostra todos os períodos do calendário Imperial desde 645:
| Ano | Período | Kanji |
|---|---|---|
| 645 | Taika | 大化 |
| 650 | Hakuchi | 白雉 |
| 686 | Shuchō | 朱鳥 |
| 701 | Taihō | 大宝 |
| 704 | Keiun | 慶雲 |
| 708 | Wadō | 和銅 |
| 715 | Reiki | 霊亀 |
| 717 | Yōrō | 養老 |
| 724 | Jinki | 神亀 |
| 729 | Tempyō | 天平 |
| 749 | Tempyōkampō | 天平感宝 |
| 749 | Tempyōshōhō | 天平勝宝 |
| 757 | Tempyōjōji | 天平宝字 |
| 765 | Tempyōjingo | 天平神護 |
| 767 | Jingokeiun | 神護景雲 |
| 770 | Hōki | 宝亀 |
| 781 | Ten'ō | 天応 |
| 782 | Enryaku | 延暦 |
| 806 | Daidō | 大同 |
| 810 | Kōnin | 弘仁 |
| 823 | Tenchō | 天長 |
| 834 | Jōwa | 承和 |
| 848 | Kashō | 嘉祥 |
| 851 | Ninju | 仁寿 |
| 855 | Saikō | 斉衡 |
| 857 | Ten'an | 天安 |
| 859 | Jōgan | 貞観 |
| 877 | Gangyō | 元慶 |
| 885 | Ninna | 仁和 |
| 889 | Kampyō | 寛平 |
| 898 | Shōtai | 昌泰 |
| 901 | Engi | 延喜 |
| 923 | Enchō | 延長 |
| 931 | Jōhei | 承平 |
| 938 | Tengyō | 天慶 |
| 947 | Tenryaku | 天暦 |
| 957 | Tentoku | 天徳 |
| 961 | Ōwa | 応和 |
| 964 | Kōhō | 康保 |
| 968 | Anna | 安和 |
| 970 | Tenroku | 天禄 |
| 974 | Ten'en | 天延 |
| 976 | Jōgen | 貞元 |
| 979 | Tengen | 天元 |
| 983 | Eikan | 永観 |
| 985 | Kanna | 寛和 |
| 987 | Eien | 永延 |
| 989 | Eiso | 永祚 |
| 990 | Shōryaku | 正暦 |
| 995 | Chōtoku | 長徳 |
| 999 | Chōhō | 長保 |
| 1004 | Kankō | 寛弘 |
| 1013 | Chōwa | 長和 |
| 1017 | Kannin | 寛仁 |
| 1021 | Jian | 治安 |
| 1024 | Manju | 万寿 |
| 1028 | Chōgen | 長元 |
| 1037 | Chōryaku | 長暦 |
| 1040 | Chōkyū | 長久 |
| 1045 | Kantoku | 寛徳 |
| 1046 | Eishō | 永承 |
| 1053 | Tengi | 天喜 |
| 1058 | Kōhei | 康平 |
| 1065 | Jiryaku | 治暦 |
| 1069 | Enkyū | 延久 |
| 1074 | Jōhō | 承保 |
| 1078 | Jōryaku | 承暦 |
| 1081 | Eihō | 永保 |
| 1084 | Ōtoku | 応徳 |
| 1087 | Kanji | 寛治 |
| 1095 | Kahō | 嘉保 |
| 1097 | Eichō | 永長 |
| 1098 | Jōtoku | 承徳 |
| 1099 | Kōwa | 康和 |
| 1104 | Chōji | 長治 |
| 1106 | Kajō | 嘉承 |
| 1108 | Tennin | 天仁 |
| 1110 | Tennei | 天永 |
| 1113 | Eikyū | 永久 |
| 1118 | Gen'ei | 元永 |
| 1120 | Hōan | 保安 |
| 1124 | Tenji | 天治 |
| 1126 | Daiji | 大治 |
| 1131 | Tenshō | 天承 |
| 1132 | Chōshō | 長承 |
| 1135 | Hōen | 保延 |
| 1141 | Eiji | 永治 |
| 1142 | Kōji | 康治 |
| 1144 | Ten'yō | 天養 |
| 1145 | Kyūan | 久安 |
| 1151 | Nimpei | 仁平 |
| 1154 | Kyūju | 久寿 |
| 1156 | Hōgen | 保元 |
| 1159 | Heiji | 平治 |
| 1160 | Eiryaku | 永暦 |
| 1161 | Ōhō | 応保 |
| 1163 | Chōkan | 長寛 |
| 1165 | Eiman | 永万 |
| 1166 | Nin'an | 仁安 |
| 1169 | Kaō | 嘉応 |
| 1171 | Shōan | 承安 |
| 1175 | Angen | 安元 |
| 1177 | Jishō | 治承 |
| 1181 | Yōwa | 養和 |
| 1182 | Juei | 寿永 |
| 1184 | Genryaku | 元暦 |
| 1185 | Bunji | 文治 |
| 1190 | Kenkyū | 建久 |
| 1199 | Shōji | 正治 |
| 1201 | Kennin | 建仁 |
| 1204 | Genkyū | 元久 |
| 1206 | Ken'ei | 建永 |
| 1207 | Jōgen | 承元 |
| 1211 | Kenryaku | 建暦 |
| 1214 | Kempō | 建保 |
| 1219 | Jōkyū | 承久 |
| 1222 | Jōō | 貞応 |
| 1225 | Gennin | 元仁 |
| 1225 | Karoku | 嘉禄 |
| 1228 | Antei | 安貞 |
| 1229 | Kanki | 寛喜 |
| 1232 | Jōei | 貞永 |
| 1233 | Tempuku | 天福 |
| 1235 | Bunryaku | 文暦 |
| 1235 | Katei | 嘉禎 |
| 1239 | Ryakunin | 暦仁 |
| 1239 | En'ō | 延応 |
| 1240 | Ninji | 仁治 |
| 1243 | Kangen | 寛元 |
| 1247 | Hōji | 宝治 |
| 1249 | Kenchō | 建長 |
| 1256 | Kōgen | 康元 |
| 1257 | Shōka | 正嘉 |
| 1259 | Shōgen | 正元 |
| 1260 | Bun'ō | 文応 |
| 1261 | Kōchō | 弘長 |
| 1264 | Bun'ei | 文永 |
| 1275 | Kenji | 健治 |
| 1278 | Kōan | 弘安 |
| 1288 | Shōō | 正応 |
| 1293 | Einin | 永仁 |
| 1299 | Shōan | 正安 |
| 1303 | Kengen | 乾元 |
| 1303 | Kagen | 嘉元 |
| 1307 | Tokuji | 徳治 |
| 1308 | Enkyō | 延慶 |
| 1311 | Ōchō | 応長 |
| 1312 | Shōwa | 正和 |
| 1317 | Bumpō | 文保 |
| 1319 | Gen'ō | 元応 |
| 1321 | Genkō | 元亨 |
| 1325 | Shōchu | 正中 |
| 1326 | Karyaku | 嘉暦 |
| 1329 | Gentoku | 元徳 |
| 1331 | Genkō (Southern) | 元弘 |
| 1332 | Shōkei | 正慶 |
| 1334 | Kemmu (Southern) | 建武 |
| 1336 | Eigen (Southern) | 延元 |
| 1338 | Ryakuō | 暦応 |
| 1340 | Kōkoku (Southern) | 興国 |
| 1342 | Kōei | 康永 |
| 1345 | Jōwa | 貞和 |
| 1347 | Shōhei (Southern) | 正平 |
| 1350 | Kan'ō | 観応 |
| 1352 | Bunna | 文和 |
| 1356 | Embun | 延文 |
| 1361 | Kōan | 康安 |
| 1362 | Jōji | 貞治 |
| 1368 | Ōan | 応安 |
| 1370 | Kentoku (Southern) | 建徳 |
| 1372 | Bunchū (Southern) | 文中 |
| 1375 | Eiwa | 永和 |
| 1375 | Tenju (Southern) | 天授 |
| 1379 | Kōryaku | 康暦 |
| 1381 | Eitoku | 永徳 |
| 1381 | Kōwa (Southern) | 弘和 |
| 1384 | Shitoku | 至徳 |
| 1384 | Genchū (Southern) | 元中 |
| 1387 | Kakei | 嘉慶 |
| 1389 | Kōō | 康応 |
| 1390 | Meitoku | 明徳 |
| 1394 | Ōei | 応永 |
| 1428 | Shōchō | 正長 |
| 1429 | Eikyō | 永享 |
| 1441 | Kakitsu | 嘉吉 |
| 1444 | Bun'an | 文安 |
| 1449 | Hōtoku | 宝徳 |
| 1452 | Kyōtoku | 享徳 |
| 1455 | Kōshō | 康正 |
| 1457 | Chōroku | 長禄 |
| 1461 | Kanshō | 寛正 |
| 1466 | Bunshō | 文正 |
| 1467 | Ōnin | 応仁 |
| 1469 | Bummei | 文明 |
| 1487 | Chōkyō | 長享 |
| 1489 | Entoku | 延徳 |
| 1492 | Meiō | 明応 |
| 1501 | Bunki | 文亀 |
| 1504 | Eishō | 永正 |
| 1521 | Daiei | 大永 |
| 1528 | Kyōroku | 享禄 |
| 1532 | Tembun | 天文 |
| 1555 | Kōji | 弘治 |
| 1558 | Eiroku | 永禄 |
| 1570 | Genki | 元亀 |
| 1573 | Tenshō | 天正 |
| 1593 | Bunroku | 文禄 |
| 1596 | Keichō | 慶長 |
| 1615 | Genna | 元和 |
| 1624 | Kan'ei | 寛永 |
| 1645 | Shōhō | 正保 |
| 1648 | Keian | 慶安 |
| 1652 | Jōō | 承応 |
| 1655 | Meireki | 明暦 |
| 1658 | Manji | 万治 |
| 1661 | Kambun | 寛文 |
| 1673 | Empō | 延宝 |
| 1681 | Tenna | 天和 |
| 1684 | Jōkyō | 貞享 |
| 1688 | Genroku | 元禄 |
| 1704 | Hōei | 宝永 |
| 1711 | Shōtoku | 正徳 |
| 1716 | Kyōhō | 享保 |
| 1736 | Gembun | 元文 |
| 1741 | Kampō | 寛保 |
| 1744 | Enkyō | 延享 |
| 1748 | Kan'en | 寛延 |
| 1751 | Hōreki | 宝暦 |
| 1764 | Meiwa | 明和 |
| 1773 | An'ei | 安永 |
| 1781 | Temmei | 天明 |
| 1801 | Kansei | 寛政 |
| 1802 | Kyōwa | 享和 |
| 1804 | Bunka | 文化 |
| 1818 | Bunsei | 文政 |
| 1831 | Tempō | 天保 |
| 1845 | Kōka | 弘化 |
| 1848 | Kaei | 嘉永 |
| 1855 | Ansei | 安政 |
| 1860 | Man'ei | 万延 |
| 1861 | Bunkyū | 文久 |
| 1864 | Genji | 元治 |
| 1865 | Keiō | 慶応 |
| 1868 | Meiji | 明治 |
| 1912 | Taishō | 大正 |
| 1926 | Shōwa | 昭和 |
| 1989 | Heisei | 平成 |
